Event:
1772 A violent hurricane devastated the Leeward and Virgin Islands. Numerous persons were killed, it devastated the sugar cane and cotton fields, destroyed the buildings where many of the slave laborers lived and destroy ships off Dominica.
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Event:
1776 George Washington realizing that his position on Long Island (present day Brooklyn) is untenable moves by sea to Manhattan Island.
1781 The French fleet of 24 ships under Comte de Grasse defeat the British under Admiral Graves at battle of Chesapeake Capes in Revolutionary War. This cuts off General Cornwallis from being able to escape by sea from Virginia.
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Event:
1765 Augustus Johnston, Stamp Distributor of Rhode Island resigns his office due to the wide spread resistance of the Stamp Act. His resignation is followed by many others in the colonies.
1774 John Jay one of New York delegates to the First Continental Congress leaves quietly from New York to Philadelphia. The other delegates would leave on September 1 under great fanfare.
1775 A hurricane hits the Outer Banks of North Carolina. It turned northeastward and left the state on the 2nd, bringing heavy wind and rain to southeastern Virginia. The hurricane stuck the eastern coast of Newfoundland on September 9, 1775. Approximately 4000 sailors, mostly from England and Ireland, were reported to have been drowned; a localized, storm surge is reported to have reached heights of between 20 and 30 feet. The hurricane, also known as the Independence Hurricane is Canada’s most tragic natural disaster, as well as the sixth deadliest hurricane in history with 4163 killed.
1778 The First Rhode Island Regiment, composed of freed slaves, repulses British and Hessian troops near Portsmouth.
1779 The American forces defeats a combined Indian and Loyalist forces at Elmira, New York. After the victory, American troops head northwest and destroy nearly 40 Cayuga and Seneca Indian villages in retaliation for the campaign of terror against American settlers.
1786 Shays’ Rebellion an armed uprising in western Massachusetts begins. The rebels were led by Daniel Shays and known as Shaysites. They were mostly small farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes which failure to repay often resulted in imprisonment in debtor’s prisons. A Massachusetts militia that had been raised as a private army, defeated the Shaysite forces on February 3, 1787. The lack of an institutional response to the uprising energized calls to reevaluate the Articles of Confederation.
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Event:
1784 Junípero Serra dies. He was the Franciscan friar who founded the mission chain in Alta California.
1789 William Herschel, German-born British astronomer, discovers Enceladus, a moon of Saturn.
Birth:
1774 Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, the first United States-born person to be canonized.
*****
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Event:
1776 Battle of Long Island. In the opening round of the New York campaign, British forces routed the Americans, which forced them to retreat at night across the East River to the temporary safety of Manhattan. The Americans listed about 1,400 casualties from the rout on Long Island. The British toll numbered fewer than 400. Washington observed from atop Brooklyn Heights.
1783 César Charles launched the first balloon inflated with hydrogen gas in Paris. It was not manned. The sphere, ascended from the Place des Victories in Paris to a height of nearly 3,000 feet. It came down some 15 miles away where and was attacked by terrified peasants, who destroyed it. Even though hydrogen is highly flammable, it soon replaced air as the gas for balloons.
*****
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Event:
1777 As the Continental Army reaches Wilmington, General Washington has the British movements outside of Elkton, Maryland watched from Iron Hill near Newark, Delaware.
1778 The first ascent of Triglav, the highest mountain of Slovenia, by Luka Korošec, Matija Kos, Štefan Rozic and Lovrenc Willomitzer on Sigismund Zois’s initiative.
Celebrated Birth:
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (b. 1743 – May 8 1794) French chemist. He stated the first version of the Law of Conservation of Matter, named oxygen (1778), disproved the phlogiston theory, helped to reform chemical nomenclature and is often referred to as the father of modern chemistry.
*****
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1777 – With a troop of 15,000 men General William Howe disembarks from ships in the Chesapeake Bay to begin a march to Philadelphia to take the Colonial capital.
1768 – British explorer James Cook begins his first voyage in exploration of the Pacific Ocean.
1782 – Mohawk Indian Chief Joseph Brant conducts raids on settlements in Pennsylvania and Kentucky.
*****
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Event:
1777 General George Washington established a headquarters for his army in Wilmington, Delaware.
1787 Mozart completes his Sonata in A for Violin and Keyboard.
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Event:
1775 George III proclaims the American colonies to be in rebellion and declared that all efforts should be made “to suppress such rebellion, and bring the traitors to justice.”
1784 A convention of delegates met and after intense debate they declared the western counties of North Carolina independent. The State of Franklin was born, named after Benjamin Franklin. The Continental Congress did not admit the state as part of the United States. By 1790 the area was back in control of North Carolina, but soon was ceded to become part of Tennessee.
*****
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Event:
1762 Ann Franklin becomes the first female US newspaper editor in Newport RI for the Mercury. The sister-in-law of Benjamin Franklin became editor upon the death of her son, James Franklin, Jr. She edited the paper until her death on April 16, 1763.
1770 James Cook claims for Great Britain the eastern coast Australia. It will be settled through penal transportation as the colony of New South Wales.
1777 With the approach of General Benedict Arnold’s army, British Colonel Barry St. Ledger abandoned Fort Stanwix and returns to Canada.
1787 John Fitch makes the first successful trial of a forty-five-foot steamboat on the Delaware River in the presence of members of the Constitutional Convention. He would be granted a patent for his design in 1791.
*****
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The American Revolutionary Period 1760-1789 