Event:
1775 Under the leadership of Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery, American troops launched an attack against the strongest fort in North America, at Quebec, during the height of a blinding snowstorm. A musket ball that broke his leg wounded Arnold. The American attack failed; 100 were killed and about 300 captured. Montgomery is killed during the encounter.

Celebrated Birth:
Charles Cornwallis (b. 1738 – October 5, 1805) British General who surrendered to George Washington at Yorktown, the last major battle of the American Revolution.

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Birth:
1785 Dorothea Lieven, Russian noblewoman, wife of Prince Khristofor Andreyevich Lieven, the Russian ambassador to London between 1812 and 1834.

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Event:
1775 Great Britain’s Parliament adopted the American Prohibitory Act. This act was designed to strike at the economic viability of the errant colonies. The law first stated its rationale for action, noting the following:
* the colonies were staging a rebellion against the authority of king and Parliament.
* they had raised an army and engaged his majesty’s soldiers.
* they had illegally taken over the powers of government.
* they had stopped trade with the mother country.
Given those circumstances, Parliament felt compelled to prohibit all British trade with the American colonies. American ships and cargoes are to be treated as if they belonged to an enemy power and were subject to seizure; if adjudged a lawful prize by an admiralty court, the ships and cargoes are to be sold and the proceeds distributed among the capturing ship’s officers and crew.

1778 The city of Savannah Georgia is captured and comes under British and Loyalist control.

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Birth:
1778 Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, Polish politician.

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Celebrated Birth:
Pope Pius VI (b. 1717 – August 29, 1799), born Giovanni Angelo Braschi and is Pope from 1775 to 1799.

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Event:
1773 Ships loaded with tea are not allowed to unload in Philadelphia Pennsylvania and are forced to leave the port.

1776 General George Washington leads a surprise attacks on the British at Trenton. Washington had hoped to make the attack under the cover of darkness, but weather conditions caused a six hour trip across the Delaware River. The surprise victory at Trenton was important to the American cause for several reasons:
* For the first time, Washington’s forces had defeated a regular army in the field.
* Washington’s command was solidified. A growing number of delegates to Congress had come to doubt his abilities, but those critics were quieted when news of the victory arrived in Baltimore where Congress was in session.
* The victory sharply increased morale. New enlistments were stimulated and many of the current soldiers reenlisted.

1779 While the American Army under General George Washington winters in Morristown, New Jersey, British Commander-in-chief general Henry Clinton leaves New York with full fleet and 8000 men with a plan to capture the southern port city of Charleston, South Carolina.

Celebrated Birth:
Thomas Nelson Jr. (b. 1738 – January 4, 1789) member of Virginia House of Burgesses, member of Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence, Civil Governor and Commander-in-chief of Virginia Militia.

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Event:
1776 General George Washington has his troops cross the Delaware River from Pennsylvania into New Jersey. As the troops prepared to climb aboard the boats, at the same time a winter storm is kicking up, they hear Paine’s opening words to his The Crisis: “These are the times that try men’s souls.” They would not forget them.

1784 The Methodist Episcopal Church is officially formed in the United States at the so-called “Christmas Conference”, led by Thomas Coke and Francis Asbury.

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Event:
1776 General George Washington after retreating from New York and now located in Pennsylvania has a War Council with his Generals. The decision from this conference is to cross the Delaware River to attack the British in Trenton.

1777 Captain James Cook discovers Kiritimati Island in the Pacific.

Celebrated Birth:
William Paterson (b. 1745 – September 9, 1806) New Jersey member of the Constitutional Convention, signed the Constitution of the United States.

Benjamin Rush (b. 1745 – April 19, 1813) Pennsylvania member of Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence, Surgeon-general to the Continental Army, Treasurer of the U.S Mint.

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Event:
1775 King George III issues a royal proclamation that orders the closing of American ports to all commerce and trade. This is to take effect in March of 1776.

1783 George Washington appearing before the Continental Congress in Annapolis, Maryland, resigns his commission as Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

1788 Maryland cedes a 100 square mile area to the national government for its capitol.

Birth:
1777 Aleksander I Pavlovich, emperor of Russia from March 1801 to December 1825. He ruled Russia during the chaotic period of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Event:
1775 Esek Hopkins is appointed the naval commander-in-chief of the naval fleet that Congress had authorized to protect the Colonies sea commerce. By the start the Revolutionary War, Hopkins had sailed to nearly every quarter of the earth and commanded a privateer in the French and Indian War.

Celebrated Birth:
William Ellery (b. 1727 – February 15, 1820) Rhode Island Lawyer and Judge, member of Continental Congress, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

*****
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