Event:
1781 John Hanson of Maryland becomes third President of the United States in Congress Assembled under the Articles of Confederation. He replaced Thomas McKean. Hanson was the first chosen under the Articles. A President would serve a one year term. Elias Boudinot succeeds him on November 4, 1782.
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Event:
1782 Elias Boudinot of New Jersey becomes the fourth President of the United States in Congress Assembled under the Articles of Confederation replacing John Hanson whose one year term had ended.
1783 Thomas Mifflin of New Jersey becomes fifth President of the United States in Congress Assembled under the Articles of Confederation replacing Elias Boudinot whose one year term had ended. Richard Henry Lee succeeds him on November 30, 1784.
Celebrated Birth:
Reverend Augustus Montague Toplady (b. 1740 – August 11, 1778) Author of the Hymn Rock of Ages, which was first published in 1775.
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Event:
1783 The Continental Army officially disbands.
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Event:
1772 Samuel Adams and Joseph Warren form a Committee of Correspondence to coordinate communications of information among the colonies.
1775 The British fort at St. Johns falls into American hands. This opens up the way to American occupation of Montreal on November 13.
1783 George Washington gives his farewell address to his army at Rocky Hill, New Jersey.
Celebrated Birth:
Daniel Boone (b. 1734 (NS) – September 26, 1820) American pioneer and hunter who helped to defend the Kentucky settlements from American Indian attempts to drive them out. Because the Georgian Calendar was adopted during his lifetime this is the New Style date of birth.
Marie-Antoinette (b. 1755 – October 16 1793) Queen of France.
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Event:
1765 The Stamp Act goes in effect in America. Only Georgia attempts a limited enforcement of the tax. Many courts in the colonies closed or refused to use the stamps
1777 Henry Laurens of South Carolina becomes the fifth President of the Continental Congress, replacing John Hancock. He remained in this post until December 9, 1778 when John Jay replaced him. Laurens had been appointed Ambassador to the Netherlands.
1776 The Mission San Juan Capistrano is founded by the Spanish Franciscan friar Junípero Serra. It is the seventh mission in the twenty-one mission chain in California.
1784 Maryland grants citizenship to Marquis de La Fayette. When Maryland ratifies the United States Constitution in 1788 he became a citizen of the United States.
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Event:
1775 Russia turns down an appeal by the British to provide mercenary troops for the war in America.
Note:
The Halloween celebrations that we know today were mostly invented after this time. As European immigrants came to America, they brought their varied Halloween customs with them. Because of the rigid Protestant belief systems that characterized early New England, the celebration of Halloween was limited in New England. It was much more common in the southern colonies. During colonial times, colonists would slice off the top of the pumpkin, remove the seeds, fill with milk, spices and honey, and then bake the concoction in hot ashes. This is how pumpkin pie originated and became a traditional Thanksgiving food. Colonial Halloween festivities also featured the telling of ghost stories and mischief making of all kinds.
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Event:
1768 The first Methodist church in the United States is initiated at Wesley Chapel in New York.
Celebrated Birth:
John Adams (b. 1735 – July 4, 1826) – Massachusetts Lawyer who defended the English soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre, member of first and second Continental Congress, signer of the Declaration of Independence Diplomat to France, elected first Vice President.
William Paca (b. 1740 – October 23, 1799) Maryland member of Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence.
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Event:
1787 Mozart’s opera Don Giovanni is first performed in Prague.
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Event:
1776 The Battle of White Plains. General George Washington’s army suffered another in a string of defeats. It could have been a potentially decisive clash however Howe’s inaction spared them.
*****
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Event:
1776 Benjamin Franklin sails aboard the American warship Reprisal for France. The Continental Congress had requested him to journey there to convince France to aid them in their War against Britain.
1781 American General George Washington and British General Charles Cornwallis, having not met during the formal signing of Cornwallis surrender at Yorktown finally meets. Cornwallis was not at the signing ceremony because he was ill.
1787 The first of the Federalist Papers, a series of essays calling for ratification of the U.S. Constitution, is published in a New York paper.
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